PhoneAbility

Biometrics for Use by the Elderly

Observations & two Visions
Peter Hawkes

Slide 2
Scope

• The Person/Biometric machine interface
• Design for the "Average" (young) Person ?
• The Elderly User can find some enrolment or verification tasks difficult
• Observations from Trials and the literature
• Two Visions may solve the problems =
• Embedded chip or adapted mobile phone

Slide 3
Wanted- A modern Brunel

To create commercial Chip & Biometric "PIN" Products & Services for Consumer applications

Must be a visionary able to Invent & Innovate

Slide 4
Biometric enabled services for mass markets

• The new Biometrics services being established by Governments are essentially compulsory for the Citizen
• Eg the New Biometrics enabled Passports
• Drivers are National Security and fraud deterrence
• There is no sign of commercial services for eg consumer payment in Retail outlets

Slide 5
Observations

• From trials of Automatic Signature (1992)
• Trials of Speaker verification (1989-91)
• Trials of Hand Vein pattern ID(1985 on)
• From IAfB activities and other meetings
• From the Literature and Standards work
• From talking to my peers

Slide 6
Forecast post the introduction of the new Biometric Passports

• Equivalent very large scale commercial services based on biometric authentication will be developed
• They will obviate the need to remember lots of PIN;s and passwords
• Replacing PIN's with biometrics will appeal to the Elderly
• The missing "link" is a personal electronic Token

Slide 7
The Elderly (Senior Citizens)

• An increasing proportion of the total Population
• Many are affluent Consumers
• Some are very poor
• All have a degree of functional impairment
• They mostly do not regard themselves as disabled

Slide 8
The Elderly and Biometrics-Observations so far

• Small-scale of biometrics deployment makes extrapolation to millions and billions of Users difficult (see Passport Trials)
• The sampled elderly people are seen to be sometimes less dextrous and slower to process through enrolment and verification steps
• Causes are Sensory and Motor impairments eg poor eyesight, arthritic hands, poor memory
• Occasional Elderly Users of Biometrics present a particular problem

Slide 9
Statement of Need

• The increasing "Grey" population must have easy Access to Biometrically enabled Services and terminals of all types
• The Challenge is to achieve this economically using existing or planned telecomms infrastructures
• Vide John Gill's work "Making Life Easier" see www.cost219.org

Slide 10
Missing link = An Electronic Token for Biometric Authentication of Users

• Function is to provide 2-factor authentication at P.O.S. when buying in the High Street, over the Internet or by telephone
• A Personal Portable Data Token usable by the Public
• Must be trustworthy and easy to use by the Elderly regardless of any functional impairment
• Personal Privacy must be maintained

Slide 11
Vision Choices

• 1. Avoid all the biometric usability problems - Just stick an RFID tag in to everyones' body. Prof Kevin Warwick of Reading University leads the way
• 2. Tackle the problems of devising a Personal portable electronic token which is affordable and usable by all including the Elderly

Slide 12
My preference is Vision 2

• To realise this we need the modern Brunel mentioned earlier.
• Such people exist but are uncommon in UK and in the rest of Europe
• He/she must pay attention to the needs of "Grumpy old men" ( and women)

Slide 13
Biometric ID Token - Requirements

• Key Systems issue = "Federated Identity Management"(see andredurand.com)
• Numerous Payment Card issuers need to collaborate whilst still competing
• Important Legal issues behind "Trust & Confidence" to be engendered
• ISO etc Standards compliance
• Compatibility with legacy "Chip & PIN"

Slide 14
The Business Case

• Un-expressed but there is a widespread need
• "Brunel II" could start with a version for the Elderly and Disabled
• Long term vision is needed- like Brunel's Broad Gauge and his Bridges and Stations
• As with Brunel's Stations finding the right "Platform" is crucial
• Project must be affordable to Brunel II's Backers

Slide 15
Why has no one yet done it?

• No one is able to start with a clean sheet of paper
• A few people have had the vision but not the means. Most are American or French. Several are British.
• Donald Davies was one of the British : 1984 -90 at the NPL
• Token's cost will be contingent on the progress of Moore's Law
• Complex problems of FIM- Trust & Confidence

Slide 16
Early Precursors

• Bo Lofberg, Fingerprint Cards AB, Sweden; USP 4582985 (1986)
• The NPL Token built in prototype form by TI for BTG, BT, Amex, GEC, et al with DTI support (1981-90): USP4799258(1989)
• Arlen Lessin, SCI Inc, USP4868376(1989)
• Tombo, Soutar & Schmidt, Mytec/Bioscrypt Inc USP5680460 (1997): "Biometric Controlled Key Generation

Slide 17
Some Suppliers of Corporate FIM tokens adding biometrics

• Gemplus BioEasy® , France, Nov 2004
• Sony FIU Puppy® , USA, June 2001
• RSA Data Security, USA, SecurID® token with Precise Biometrics(Sweden), June 2003
• Aladdin,USA with C-Signature, May 2004
• Integrated Biometrics, USA with Identifi USB device , 2004

Slide 18
Form Factor/Platform

• Originally ISO or thicker card
• Now other shapes and sizes offered or planned.
• Bob Carter, Chris Stanford and I each proposed integration of the Token function into a Mobile telephone as Platform (late 1980's on)
• I think GSM handset is still the best bet! It is becoming ubiquitous. It has most the User and network interfaces required.
• Camera phones have a sensor which might suit Eye Biometrics such as Iris matching. Fingerprint sensor + matching S/W are easily added

Slide 19
Bill Gates' choice 1995

• The Wallet PC
• See "The Road Ahead" page 75

Slide 20
Next Steps (1) - Technical

• Evaluate Mobile phones as host platform for the functions of a generic specification of a Biometric 2 factor token. The Mobile phone or similar device must have NFC or another cordless link to terminals linked into P.O.S. systems.
• Passport Reader in a Mobile phone may be economic

Slide 21
Next Steps (2) - to a Business Opportunity

• Research the needs of the Accessible biometrics Market
• Find a Brunel II
• Secure Technology development money (EU Project?)
• Help him/her get the business Risk Capital
• Solve remaining technical ;problems eg ensure that operation is not vulnerable to biometric facsimile replay

Slide 22
Some additional References

• "Integrated Circuit cards, tags and tokens" by Donald Davies, Peter Hawkes & Wyn Price, BSP, 1990.
• USP 6763399, Margalit et al, Aladdin Knowledge Systems, Israel (2004)
• USP 5832091, Tombo, Soutar & Schmidt, Bioscrypt/Mytec USA/Canada (1998)

Slide 23
Acknowledgements

• For helpful discussions with AfB members and others especially Marek Rejman-Greene (BT Exact), Tony Mansfield (NPL), Bill Perry and Bob Carter (ETS Ltd), Pat Oldcorn (TSSI Ltd), John Daugman (U of Cambridge), Mike Fairhurst and Farzin Deravi (U of Kent), David Everett (Micro-Expert Ltd), Chris Stanford (CJS Consultants), Ian White (Consultant) and Calum Bunney(International Biometric & Authentication Consultancy).

Slide 24
Disclaimer

• The views and opinions expressed herein are purely my own and not those of BTG plc
• The views are based on the best public domain information available to me.
• No responsibility can be taken for any unintended errors and omissions

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